Egypt's modern history

The Prince and to Egypt and the Sudan, Mohamed Ali Pasha who ruled Egypt, starting in 1805 and the opening of the Sudan in 1820, a covenant a significant role in modernizing Egypt, and moved from the Middle Ages to modern times and is the Muhammad Ali Pasha, the founder of modern Egypt for his reforms covering all aspects of life consistent with the spirit of the modern age and time, began to build a strong army of Egypt and established a military school and grew up in the shipbuilding industry and Bulaq yard in Alexandria. And fix the conditions of agriculture, irrigation and established the barrages and dams, canals, and established factories and laboratories to meet the need for the military and the sale of surplus to the people, and in the trade work of Muhammad Ali Pasha, the deployment of security for the trade routes of the Interior and the establishment of a fleet of foreign trade is booming trade in Egypt. And dissemination of education meet the needs of government offices he established schools at different levels and specialties and sent missions to Europe and the transfer of modern science also had the effect of increasing independence from the Ottoman Empire but remained subordinate to it formally, with the continued rule of his family after him, and increased political influence and military presence in the Near East that threatened the interests of the Ottoman itself. Slogan of the Egyptian Sultanate completion of the Suez Canal March 18, 1869 increased geo-strategic position of Egypt as a pathway for the transition between the East and West, and at the same time, he kept the Khedive Ismail in his quest to Egypt's modernization and expansion, annexation of parts of the country of Sudan. But in addition to the cities to spend on this European-style heavier the State Treasury debt to foreign financial institutions with the encouragement of the colonial powers, which Khedive Ismail was forced to resign to assume the rule of Khedive Tawfiq with the continuation of the debt crisis and increasing foreign interference, especially from Britain. At the domestic level has increased discontent and discontent in the community of national and military officers, and the peak of these events revolution Orabi Pasha, which led to the conduct of Great Britain in 1882, a military campaign that captured Egypt, but still belonging to the Ottoman Empire nominally until the eve of the First World War in 1914. Established under the British protectorate over Egypt and the Egyptian Sultanate was the first sultan is the Sultan Hussein Kamel (1914-1917) has been installed Sultan of Egypt after he sacked the British nephew Khedive Abbas Hilmi II and declared Egypt a British protectorate in 1914 at the beginning of the First World War. The move ended a nominal Ottoman sovereignty over Egypt, and notes that the title "Sultan" is the same as the title of the head of the Ottoman Empire, then came to power after him the first title of Fouad Sultan Egypt until 1922 and changed his title to the king of the Egyptian Kingdom.